In Type 2 respiratory failure there is generalized hypoventilation of lungs leading to hypoxia and hypercarbia Type 1 respiratory failure In both acute and chronic type 1 respiratory failure pH is normal, PaO2 decreased less than 60mmhg, PaCO2 less than 50mmhg, bicarbonates is normal.

Hypoxia definition is - a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body.

A PaO2 < 55 mm Hg while breathing room air is considered severe and an indication for chronic 24-hour supplemental oxygen therapy. Milder degree of hypoxemia can be identified by comparing a PaO2 with a predicted value for age. A simple estimate of a normal predicted PaO2 Pao2=105 – 1/2 age (yr).

subjected to acute or chronic anemia (a.k.a. normoxic hypoxemia). In all these cases, the dominant stimulus for release of Epo is renal tissue hypoxia, which in turn results in reduced breakdown of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α in peritubular interstitial fibroblasts in the inner cortex and outer medulla, the major source of Epo.

PaO2 PAO2 (partial pressure of O2 in the blood (measured by ABG) vs. partial pressure in the alveolus) Cyanosis = imbalance between oxy/deoxy hemoglobin. cyanosis is specific for hypoxia but not sensitive (can be hypoxic without cyanosis!) normal adults that is when deoxy hemoglobin >5g/dl.

Sep 12, 2011 · Cellular Hypoxia occurs when there is prolonged deficiency due to dysfunction of the oxygen delivery, or nutrient substrate required to maintain aerobic metabolism becomes durably deplete. Sustained Cellular Hypoxia forces cells to operate long term anaerobic state, and often part of the process that triggers Anaerobic Lock condition.

RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA ¢Abnormal biphasic response to hypoxia ¢Initial increase in ventilation followed by a decline ¢Likely represents depression of central respiratory center due to hypoxia ¢Theoretical role of ‘Diving Reflex’ in bradycardia ¢In diving mammals, results in bradycardia during episodes of hypoxia